Suppose Ethane Was Compressed Adiabatically in a Efficient Continuous Compressor
Homework Problems
8C-1 :
Isentropic Efficiency of Steam Expansion in a Piston-and-Cylinder Device
4 pts
Steam at 500 kPa and 300°C, held in a piston-and-cylinder device, expands adiabatically until the pressure reaches 200 kPa. During this process, the steam does 128.5 kJ/kg of boundary work on the surroundings. Calculate the final temperature of the steam, the isentropic efficiency and the specific entropy generation of this process. Show the actual and isentropic paths for this process on a TS Diagram.
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8C-2 :
Isentropic Efficiency of R-134a Compression in a Piston-and-Cylinder Device (AE)
4 pts
R-134a at 20 psia and -10°F is compressed adiabatically in a piston-and-cylinder device until the pressure reaches 60 psia. This requires an input of 18.7 Btu/lbm of boundary work. Calculate the final temperature of the R-134a, the isentropic efficiency and the specific entropy generation of this process. Show the actual and isentropic paths for this process on a TS Diagram.
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8C-3 :
Power Output of a Real Steam Turbine
4 pts
Steam at 8 MPa and 800°C enters an adiabatic turbine with a mass flow rate of 19.4 kg/min and exits at 400 kPa. Determine the power produced by this turbine and the entropy generation rate if the isentropic efficiency is 86%.Show the actual and isentropic paths for this process on a TS Diagram.
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8C-4 :
Power Output of a Real Steam Turbine (AE)
4 pts
Steam at 1000 psia and 1000°F enters an adiabatic turbine with a mass flow rate of 1179 lbm/min and exits at 50 psia. Determine the power produced by this turbine and the entropy generation rate if the isentropic efficiency is 91%. Show the actual and isentropic paths for this process on a TS Diagram.
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8C-5 :
Isentropic Efficiency of an Adiabatic Ammonia Compressor
3 pts
The feed to the compressor in an industrial ammonia refrigeration system is saturated vapor at -20°C. The compressor effluent is at 600 kPa and 70°C. Assuming the compressor is essentially adiabatic, calculate its isentropic efficiency and the specific entropy generation. Show the actual and isentropic paths for this process on a TS Diagram.
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8C-6 :
Isentropic Efficiency of an Adiabatic Pump
4 pts
The pump in a steam power cycle must increase the pressure from the condenser pressure up to the boiler pressure. Assuming the condenser effluent is saturated liquid and the isentropic efficiency of the pump is 85%, determine the temperature of the pump effluent, the power requirement for the pump in kJ/kg and the specific entropy generation in the pump. Data: Pcond = 180 kPa, Pboil = 10 MPa. Show the actual and isentropic paths for this process on a TS Diagram.
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8C-7 :
Adiabatic Steam Nozzle (AE, iterative)
8 pts
Steam enters an adiabtic nozzle at 500 psia and 700°F with a mass flow rate of 28.4 lbm/min. The inlet and outlet diameters of the nozzle are 6 in and 0.5 in, respectively. The isentropic efficiency of the nozzle is 86%. Determine the effluent temperature, pressure and velocity and the entropy generation rate. Show the actual and isentropic paths for this process on a TS Diagram.
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8C-8 :
Adiabatic Ammonia Nozzle
4 pts
Ammonia enters an adiabatic nozzle at 3000 kPa and 180°C at a velocity of 5 m/s and leaves at 800 kPa and 150°C. Calculate the exit velocity of the ammonia, the isentropic efficiency and the specific entropy generation of the nozzle. Show the actual and isentropic paths for this process on a TS Diagram.
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8C-9 :
Isentropic Efficiency of an Adiabatic Air Nozzle
7 pts
A nozzle is used to accelerate a stream of air to velocities approaching the speed of sound. The feed to the nozzle is at 400 kPa and 100°C and has a negligible velocity. The nozzle produces a jet of air at 150 kPa and 50°C. Determine the velocity of the effluent air, the isentropic efficiency and specific entropy generation of the nozzle assuming:
a.) Air has a constant heat capacity
b.) The heat capacity of air is adequately described by the Shomate Equation.
Show the actual and isentropic paths for this process on a TS Diagram.
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8C-10 :
Power Output of a Real, Adiabatic, Ideal Gas Turbine
4 pts
Neon enters an adiabatic turbine at 6 MPa and 1000°C at a volumetric flow rate of 700 L/min. The turbine effluent is at a pressure of 145 kPa. If the isentropic efficiency of the turbine is 75%, determine its power output in kW and the entropy generation rate in kW/K. Show the actual and isentropic paths for this process on a TS Diagram.
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8C-11 :
Isentropic Efficiency of an Adiabatic Nitrogen Compressor
7 pts
Nitrogen gas is compressed adiabatically from 140 kPa and 39°C to 950 kPa. This compressor requires 415 kW of power input to deliver a mass flow rate of 1.7 kg/s. Calculate the isentropic efficiency, the temperature of the compressor effluent and the entropy generation rate of the compressor assuming:
a.) Nitrogen has a constant heat capacity
b.) The heat capacity of nitrogen gas is adequately described by the Shomate Equation.
Show the actual and isentropic paths for this process on a TS Diagram.
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8C-12 :
Two-Stage Turbine with Reheat
7 pts
A two-stage turbine is made up of a high-pressure (HP) turbine followed by a low-pressure (LP) turbine. Steam enters the HP turbine at 10 MPa and 400°C and leaves as saturated vapor at 2 MPa.
The effluent from the HP turbine is reheated to 400°C before it enters the LP turbine. The LP turbine expands the steam down to 150 kPa. The isentropic efficiency of the LP turbine is 85%.
Show the actual and isentropic paths for this process on a TS Diagram.
a.) Determine the specific power, specific entropy generation and isentropic efficiency of the HP turbine.
b.) specific power, specific entropy generation and the effluent temperature of the LP turbine.
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8C-13 :
Two-Stage Steam Compression System
7 pts
Steam at 100 kPa and 275°C is compressed to a pressure of 5 MPa by each of the following four systems.
a.) An isentropic compressor
b.) A real compressor with an isentropic efficiency of 80%
c.) An isothermal compressor with Q = -1325 kJ/kg.
d.) A two-stage compressor with intercooling. The feed to the second compressor is at 275°C and the isentropic efficiency of each compressor is 80%
Determine the specific work and the isothermal efficiency for each of the four systems in kJ/kg. Which system requires the smallest specific work input? Is it possible for a compressor system to have a smaller work input than a single isentropic compressor? Explain your answer.
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8C-14 :
Two-Stage Compression of an Ideal Gas
6 pts
Carbon Dioxide is continuously compressed from 100 kPa and 30°C to a pressure of 2 MPa in a two-stage compressor system with intercooling. The mass flow rate of CO2 is 2.4 kg/min and the heat capacity of CO2 is 1.125 kJ/kg-K. Determine the specific work required and the temperature of the CO2 effluent from the second compressor. Assume the operating pressure of the intercooler is the optimal pressure based on the assumption that the compressors are isentropic.
a.) Assume each compressor is isentropic. Show the process path on an HS Diagram.
b.) Assume the isentropic efficiency of each compressor is 85%. Show the process path on an HS Diagram.
c.) What happened to the additional shaft work energy input in part (b), relative to part (a)?
Data: CP,CO2 = 1.125 kJ/kg-K
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8C-15 :
Shaft Work Requirement for Different Compression Systems
5 pts
An ideal gas with constant heat capacities is continuously compressed from 150 kPa and 340 K to a pressure of 2600 kPa. Calculate the minimum molar shaft work requirement for the compressor for each of the following cases:
a.) Polytropic compression with δ = 1.34
b.) Isothermal compression
c.) Isentropic compression with γ = 1.44
d.) Internally reversible 2-stage compression with intercooling, δ = 1.34. Calculate the isothermal efficiency of this 2-stage compressor.e.) Show the process path for the systems in parts (a) through (d) on an HS Diagram.
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Source: https://www.learnthermo.com/T1-tutorial/ch08/lesson-C/pg20.php
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